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Approval and Selection Toolkit

Updated July 2025

As an open and democratic party, it is important that the Liberal Democrats select their candidates for public elections fairly, with all members having an equal say. Approval is also an important part of candidate selection within the Liberal Democrats, ensuring that the people we put up as Liberal Democrat candidates are fit for the role.

All council candidates in England have been required to go through an approval process before being eligible for selection. In Wales, the local party model constitution requires the local executive to maintain a list of approved candidates for principle councils. In Scotland, local parties (or co-ordinating committees where a local authority covers more than one local party) must a agree a procedure for approval and maintain a list of approved candidates.

The process does not need to be complicated, but it does need to be consistent, fair and open.

Terms
We use must to mean something is constitutionally or legally required, should to mean something that is best practice and can and may to mean something that is optional.
Where the term ward or seat is used, the advice applies equally to a county or unitary division.

CONTENTS

  • Starting Out
  • Candidate Recruitment
  • Be a Councillor
  • Eligibility to stand
  • Applications
  • Approval Process
  • Selection Process
  • Returning Officer Checklist
  • Downloads

Starting Out

Why have a Candidate Approval system?

There are two main reasons to have a candidate approval system. The first is to ensure that potential candidates know what is expected of them. Secondly, it is also to ensure that anyone who has the Liberal Democrat name and logo associated with them does the party credit.


We have a duty of care to the public make sure that our candidates are the right people to put forward to the public, as are existing councillors.


The form the approval process takes can be adapted to suit your local area, and so whether you are in control of the council or if you are struggling to get a full slate of candidates, there is a process that can work for you.


In England, all candidates must be approved no more than four years before the election in which they are standing. In Scotland and Wales, each council area must maintain a list of approved candidates which is updated before each round of selections gets underway.


In England it is up to each regional party to decide which town and parish councils require candidate approval. In Scotland, community councils re non party political. In Wales, it is up to the local party. However, in places where a council is party political then you should a form of approval process.

N.B. Candidate approval is specific to a particular council. It is not transferable.

Specific rules apply to the approval of Police and Crime Commissioners in England and Wales, Regional Mayoral and Metro-Mayoral Candidates in England. They are not covered by this toolkit.

Who is responsible?

The candidate approval process must be run by the local party rather than the council group.


This is not only to ensure it is neutral when dealing with sitting councillors but as it is to approve representatives of the party, rather than just councillors, the party takes the lead.

In Scotland, local parties (or co-ordinating committees, formed under Article d8 of the Scottish Constitution, where a local authority covers more than one local party) are responsible for the form of the approval process, subject to approval by the Scottish Executive.

In England, if a council group is covered by more than one local party then they MUST work together (under Article 3.8 of the English Constitution) to make sure the approval process is run in the same way and uses the same criteria across the whole of the council group area. The co-ordination must include the councillor contribution policy, the provision of council group standing orders and the basic set of questions asked of prospective candidates. A candidate approved by one local party is eligible for selection for any seat in the local authority, so the standard of approval needs to be uniform.

The committee co-ordinating across the local authority area may be referred to as the Article 3.8 committee. Further guidance is found here.


In Wales, there must be a co-ordinating committee if the local authority area comprises more than one party but it is not automatically responsible for overseeing approval.

The local party must appoint an approval co-ordinator to run the process (in England this can be the Elections Officer). Where a council coordinating group is in place it will oversee the approval process but local party co-ordinators are still required.


The approvals process can be done using online meetings and remote processes.

Candidate Recruitment

The first stage of the process is to identify your potential candidates. It is vital that we do this early and that we do it diligently to ensure that we have the widest possible pool of prospective candidates to choose from.


Sitting councillors should be given a clear deadline for making a decision as to whether they wish to re-stand, as late standing down helps no-one. This can be challenging but needs to be done. In some cases, it may be useful to have early conversations with some councillors as to whether they can continue.


Candidate recruitment should not be restricted to current party members (but potential candidates must join before approval). Many excellent potential candidates are out there, often already involved in their community and/or actively campaigning. We should identify those with a liberal outlook and have a recruitment conversation. This process takes time and active steps, so the earlier it is undertaken, the better.


Openly recruiting and inviting interested people to come and have a discussion is a legitimate way to increase the pool of people putting themselves forward.

Increasing our diversity

Please look at the Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Toolkit before proceeding further: https://www.aldc.org/equality-diversity-and-inclusion-toolkit

Active recruitment is the best way to improve the diversity of our teams.

You should look at your team, your membership and the demographics of the local area. You need to consider how representative you are of your area. who do you need to target to make yourself more reflective of your community?

Many good people won’t think of themselves as candidates or councillors but need to be asked and encouraged to put themselves forward. Proactive targeting of under-represented groups can dramatically alter your pool of potential candidates. It is also vital to be clear and realistic about the requirements of being a candidate and a councillor. Potential candidates should be provided with a clear job description and person specification and should have the opportunity to talk to an existing councillor as to the reality of the role.

You should not, though, set up barriers to participation. Ensure that the skills and knowledge you are asking for are actually required. Can training be used to overcome a perceived lack of knowledge? Are you expecting unreasonable language skills?

It may be that you need to take a proactive approach to guide potential candidates from underrepresented groups through the process.

You should also look at anyone who is eligible to vote and stand in the elections. Some migrant groups may not even know their rights and so should be engaged to encourage them to register to vote and stand for election.

Timetable
A timetable for the approval process needs to be published to allow applications from everyone who is interested. There is no need to select all seats at the same time. A lack of candidates in one area should not delay early selection elsewhere.
Once identified, all possible candidates then enter the approval process.

Downloads:

  • Councillor job description and person specification

Approval and selection during local government reform

The current local government reform programme in England causes significant challenges to operating an approval and selection process. To maximise our chances of winning, we need to get candidates selected and campaigning as early as possible. How do we do this when we don’t know what the wards will be, what number of councillors there will be and even what the council will be?

The working assumption should be (based on previous experience) that there is no time for a boundary review and that initially wards will be based on existing county divisions, probably with two members elected (or possibly three). You should go ahead with approval and provisional selection on that basis.

N.B. You can’t simply port across previously selected county candidates because approval and selection is unique to a particular level of council.

More detailed advice is available:  

  • Guide to approving and selecting candidates under LGR

Be a Councillor

The LGA (local Government Association) have produced a ‘Be a Councillor’ website which can help inform potential candidates about being a councillor: https://www.local.gov.uk/be-councillor.

For England, the LGA has produced this booklet: https://www.local.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/stand-what-you-believe-co-dbf.pdf

For Wales, the information is here: https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/stand-what-you-believe-be-liberal-democrat-councillor-2

There is currently not a parallel document for Scotland from COSLA (the Scottish local government association).

Eligibility to stand for council

Who is allowed to stand for election to a principal council?

If you are standing for election, you must meet both of the following criteria on both the day your nomination papers are submitted AND on polling day:

  • Have reached 18 years of age, and
  • Be a British citizen, a “qualifying” Commonwealth citizen, a citizen of the Republic of Ireland. For other citizens of EU origin, it is slightly more complicated. In England, you can stand if:
    • You were resident in the UK before 31 December 2020 and you continue to maintain lawful immigration status.
    • You are a citizen of a country with a bilateral treaty on voting and candidacy rights with the UK. These countries include Denmark, Poland, Spain, Portugal, and Luxembourg.
  • In Scotland, you can stand if:
    • If you are an EU national (not schedule 6A) and arrived in the UK before 31 December 2020 and have indefinite leave to remain, or you have pre-settled status, or you have settled status.
    • If you are an EU national (not schedule 6A) and arrived in the UK after 1 January 2021, you must have indefinite leave to remain, or you have settled status.
    • If you are from a schedule 6A country to be eligible to stand you must either: Not require leave to remain, or do require leave to remain but have any description of such leave.
  • In Wales, a qualifying foreign citizen is a person has or does not require leave to remain, or is treated as having leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom.

As well as these two basic criteria you must also meet at least ONE of the following qualifications, although we recommend that you fill in all of the ways in which you qualify on the nomination papers.

  • Be on the electoral roll somewhere within the area of the council for which you are standing. If this is your only qualification then you must remain on the register continuously throughout your time as a Councillor.
  • You have occupied as owner or tenant any land or other premises in the local authority area during the whole of the 12 months before the day of your nomination and the day of election.
  • Have your main or only place of work solely within the area of the council for which you are standing during the last 12 months.
  • Have lived for all of the previous 12 months within the area of the council for which you are standing.

Am I disqualified from standing for election to a principal council?

There are a number of criteria that would completely disqualify you from
standing for election:

  • If you are subject to a Bankruptcy Restriction Order, Bankruptcy Interim Order or a Bankruptcy Restrictions Undertaking in England and Wales, been declared bankrupt in Northern Ireland or had your estate sequestrated in Scotland. If you have an Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVA) you are not disqualified.
  • If you have been convicted of an imprisonable offence within five years of polling day and sentenced to three months or more in prison (including a suspended sentence) without the option of a fine.
  • If you have been disqualified under the Representation of the People Act 1983 and the Audit Commission Act 1998. This largely relates to convictions in an election court, any offence related to financial donations or being surcharged by a district auditor.
  • You cannot stand for election to any council that employs you, and this often also applies if you work for a joint authority or local partnership that involves the council you wish to stand for.
  • Teachers and other school staff are in a complex situation. In addition to the usual bar on standing for a council that employs you, you cannot usually stand for election to a council that appoints representatives to your school’s governing body or part funds the school even if you aren’t employed directly by that council. This can therefore often rule out staff from foundation schools, free schools and academies, from standing for the council in which the school is situated.
  • Holding a job that has been defined as ‘politically restricted’ bars you from standing for election to any council. These are usually top management, people who regularly directly advise councillors, most political assistants and any job deemed politically sensitive.
  • If you are in Scotland, you cannot stand if you received a councillors’ severance payment following the 2007 election.

Are the eligibility criteria any different for town, parish or community councils?

All of the rules that apply to principal councils apply to town and parish councils in England and community councils in Wales. However, the rule on where you can live is less strict and you just have to live within 4.8km of the parish boundary (as the crow flies) for at least the preceding 12 months.

In Scotland, community councils are specifically non-party political and the nomination procedure varies and so you need to check with your principal council.

When should you select?

The longer candidates are in place in these wards, the more time they have to build name recognition and create a winning campaign. Even with sitting councillors, getting them through approval and re-selection early helps them to concentrate on the task of getting re-elected.

The overwhelming evidence is that having the time to establish yourself is a vital component in winning a seat. Selecting a year or even 18 months before an election is not too soon.

In many areas the candidate/s will need to rebuild the local team and create/improve a delivery network. This all takes time. In larger wards the only way we can get sufficient voter contact done is to do it over a period of several months and, anyway, the response to door step canvassing is virtually always better well outside an election period than in the last few weeks.

Early selection also allows the local party to sign candidates up to an agreement or contract on the amount of work they will do and then to be able to monitor that.

Applications

Once a potential candidate is identified, they need to be provided with an application pack, containing:

● Application form, including a disclosure question
● Group standing orders
● Councillor contribution policy
● Job description
● Candidate agreement/contract –
● Draft/outline campaign plan –

The application form contains a diversity monitoring form. To properly establish the diversity of our candidates and councillors it is vital that this data is collected. While individual forms are confidential the aggregate data should be provided to ALDC and, if they wish, your state or regional party.

Contracts and Targets

Local parties and Section 3.8 committees should adopt a candidate contract (alternately called a candidate agreement). A candidate contract or agreement states what is expected of a candidate, what support they will receive and how the campaign will be monitored.

The agreement may include specific targets, including:

● Voter ID rates
● Online stories
● Email address gathered or emails sent
● Casework completed
● Capacity building
● Attending training
● Engaging with the party

Targets should be reasonable, achievable and take account of a candidate’s circumstances.

There should be mechanism to make adjustments, in particular for under-represented groups.

Contracts are a mechanism for making sure the work needed to win an election has been defined by the local party, is clear to candidates and is actually carried out.

The agreement should be tailored to the type of seat – the requirements for a candidate fighting a big STV seat in Scotland will be different to those for a low population rural ward in England.

It allows problems to be identified early and, hopefully, tackled. In the end using the contract approach means more candidates elected.

The process of monitoring progress and the action that follow poor performance and/or failure to meet targets needs to be laid out within the agreement.

There are different models for candidate agreements. However, even a simple statement of expectation is useful to both sides.

Download:
– Candidate agreement target seats
– Candidate agreement non-target seats

Due diligence

During approval, we are seeking to ensure that our candidates hold Liberal Democrat values, that they are suitable persons to serve the public, that they will work effectively as part of a Liberal Democrat group and that they will not bring the party into disrepute.

To achieve this, the local party must include the ‘full disclosure’ question in the application form (Are there any matters, which might cause political embarrassment to the Liberal Democrats or bring the party into disrepute if they became known?). Full disclosure is vital. Issues disclosed may not cause a potential candidate to fail approval but failing to disclose something that latter emerges is cause for automatic withdrawal of approval.

The form must also include the ‘if elected question’, in which the potential candidate agrees to abide by the group standing orders and to pay the councillor contribution (tithe) as per the relevant state party policy, subject to any hardship relief.

The local party may also consider a social media check prior to the panel. This need not be extensive but a simple check on a candidate’s social media over the last 12 months will allow the panel to understand the applicant’s social media activity. If there is any concern then the panel may defer a decision for a more detailed check.   

Approval Process

Each local party should appoint an approvals coordinator to run the process, dispatch application packs, receive forms, answer questions and to organise approval panels. In areas where the authority covers more than one local party, the arrangements are co-ordinated as described above.

Details of the process and timetable must be agreed by the Local Party Executive (or co-ordinating committee where that is applicable) before the process is started.

The key things you must to check in an approval process:

  • Does the potential candidate understand what being a candidate and/or councillor involves and the amount of work that they will be expected to do?
  • Are they eligible to stand as a candidate? We often assume that people are able to stand or they wouldn’t put their name forward, but we must check that they are eligible and even more importantly, that they aren’t ineligible.
  • Are they a really Liberal Democrat? We don’t vet people’s opinions when they join the party and so we need to make sure that they don’t have views that are inconsistent with party membership. They don’t need to agree with every party policy but they do at least need to support the core principles of what the party stands for.
  • Do they have campaigning experience or other relevant experience? Having not taken part in political campaigning does not rule someone out but there should be some evidence of the ability and enthusiasm to campaign.
  • Are there any skeletons in their closet that the party needs to know about? If there are it doesn’t necessarily mean that the person cannot stand, but it may mean that the party has to think about how they handle it if it becomes public during the campaign and it may mean that a particularly experienced approval panel is brought together for the panel decision.

Types of candidate

Target and development candidates – We need to ensure that these candidates have the time, ability and commitment to dedicate to both campaigning and to being a councillor. It is important that they have a realistic understanding of what is involved. You should also check whether there are any specific challenges that require adjustments by the local party to allow them to campaign. This is particularly important in helping candidates from underrepresented groups.

Paper/paperless candidates – Paper candidates (also known as paperless candidates as they are not expected to put out a leaflet) do need to be approved and to the same standard as everyone else. They are not expected to lead campaigns or build a ward team, but to give voters the opportunity to vote Lib Dem.

Bad press can come because of a candidate past or behaviour in the most unwinnable of wards. Uncontested elections are rarer than they used to be but they do happen, meaning a paper candidate is elected. We owe it to the electorate, the party and to colleagues to see that anyone who stands as a Lib Dem is suitable and won’t bring the party into disrepute. 

Sitting Councillors – For sitting councillors it may seem a waste of time putting them through approval. Shouldn’t we take it on trust that they continue to be fit as Lib Dem candidates? There are a number of reasons as to why they should, and indeed must, go through approval:

  1. Due diligence: The public has a right to expect that all Lib Dem candidates have been checked and found to be fit and proper to stand. That means that everyone should be approved to the same, current standard.
  2. Equality of treatment. Every candidate should be treated the same, regardless of their position in the party. Although an approval process is unlikely to end in court it could be challenged and unequal treatment of different candidates is both unfair and likely to reflect very badly on the party.
  3. Circumstances do change, as can the expectation of a local party. A sensible conversation in an approval interview can save a lot of problems later on. The approval process may include a process for a senior member of the group, e.g. the Leader, deputy leader or whip, to give feedback to the approval panel on the individuals performance on the council, including attendance (at council and group meetings) and voting record. It is appropriate for the approval panel to be told if a councillor has failed to pay their tithe unless they have a hardship derogation. Failure to pay the councillor contribution (tithe), without an agreed exemption, is reason to refuse approval.

The approval panel

The interview panel normally consists of three people. In England, the panel must include an existing councillor from the local authority, if there are any (but the councillor does not need to be from that local party). If there are none, a councillor from another authority should, if at all possible, be on the panel. However, it must not be chaired by a Councillor on that authority. In Scotland, it must not have a majority of councillors (for that council) who are seeking re-election and must not all be from the same party.


While it is not essential to have exactly the same panel each time, the members of each panel should be drawn from a small pool recruited at the start of the process, all of whom must be fully briefed as to the role they are undertaking and the process they should go through. The members of the pool should undertake a joint training session, using the ALDC self-training session for selection panels as a model. Care should be taken that the panel understands the importance of building a diverse group of potential candidates, and the pool itself should reflect the local community (rather than local party) and be diverse.


Each panel must be balanced – for instance it must not be of a single gender and should reflect the make up of the local area. While a councillor must be on the panel if we have councillors in that area, councillors must not comprise the whole panel.

If there are no local councillors, or if non are available, a councillor from an other authority (at the same level) should be on the panel.

Each panel chair should be an experienced party member. However, it may be appropriate to have a lay (non party) member as one of the panel (they should be in sympathy with the party and not be a member of another party) if they bring skills, experience or background not otherwise available (however, in England, they cannot be a voting member).


The panels should be provided with a list of standard questions (preferably agreed in the approval panel training session); although the panel should question each potential candidate on the answers given in their application, each interview should follow the same broad structure.


A pro-forma interview sheet should be used by each member of the panel for each interview. It is important that each panel member records their reaction to the answers given and indicates their decision-making process.


You need to decide the possible outcomes of the approval process in advance. Is it going to be straight approved and not-approved? Alternatively, you may wish to approve for types of seat or to approve subject to training. As in so much of the process, consistency in application is key.

Following approval, the paperwork must be kept, safely and confidentially, for 4 years.

What do the panel need?
● Copies of the application form and disclosure form
● Job description
● Model questions
● Pro-forma answer/evaluation sheet
● Model decision notices
● Guidance note

Download: Model Panel questions
Download: Approval Panel Self Training Session

What are the possible outcomes for a candidate?

Approval – this is straightforward, but even in these cases the panel may wish to make recommendations on training the candidate could undertake.

Conditional Approval – Some local parties are now adopting a process where they follow the initial approval process, but all approved candidates who have been selected for a winnable ward are then subject to meeting specific measurable campaign targets. If they do not meet these targets they are then unapproved (and as a result a ward would need to select a new conditionally approved candidate). Although this feels very strict, those places that have adopted this process in recent years have seen massive improvements in their election results.

Conditional approval may also include approval subject to undertaking training, for instance attendance at an ALDC Kickstart weekend.

Deferral – this is an option when you feel a candidate has all the potential and correct attributes, but you feel they need to gain further experience of campaigning or to undergo training before being able to stand. However, if you choose to defer approval it is important that you follow this up with practical suggestions and encouragement for them to become more involved. In particular, this involves actively bringing them in to the organisation of an election campaign, taking them along to help at a council or parliamentary by-election, or encouraging them to join ALDC, attend Kickstart and learn from campaign best practice.

Rejection – this is a difficult decision to make, but for the sake of the party’s reputation and council group unity, is one that sometimes needs to be made. It is important to be firm once this decision has been made, as whatever short term problems it causes, it will be far better than allowing an unsuitable person to stand for council.

The approval panel should make a decision on whether a potential candidate should be approved as soon as possible after the panel. When a decision is made it must be written down and any issues, especially if a decision has been made to reject a candidate, must also be recorded.


Candidates should be told the outcome as quickly as possible and have it confirmed in writing. Ideally, you will tell candidates immediately and in person or on the phone rather. However in some cases it may be better delaying the decision, especially if it may have practical ramifications that may need to be thought through.


Where further work or training is requested, the local party will need to ensure that opportunities are available for a candidate to undertake them.


It is important that you treat everyone the same or it will become obvious that there is a reason for delaying the decision.


The panel should agree which of its members will tell each candidate, (the same person doesn’t have to tell everyone), and what feedback they will give them. No other member of the panel should discuss the decision with the candidate.

Appeals

If a potential candidate is dissatisfied with the panel’s decision they have the right of appeal. The processes and time limits for this should be agreed at the point the approval process is set up and be included in the application pack.


The approvals process should be strictly confidential. Generally, if a candidate is not approved no one outside the panel should ever know they have applied. To avoid embarrassment, if sitting councillors are not re-approved they should simply be allowed to say publicly that they are retiring.


Initially, the unsuccessful potential candidate should contact the local party chair or the selection co-ordinator (as detailed in the application process) to appeal the decision. The chair or co-ordinator will then arrange the appeal hearing, which should be held as soon as is practical.


It is reasonable to offer a week for appeals to be made, and a further week for an appeal hearing to be held.


The appeal should be heard by a fresh panel, drawn from the pool but not including any members from the first panel. It should look at the same form and information as the first panel, but may ask additional questions and the potential candidate is free to give more detailed answers or offer fresh evidence to back their case. This might, for instance, include medical evidence. The appeal panel should have access to the notes from the first hearing.


An applicant cannot unreasonable refuse dates for an appeal hearing so as to cause a delay in the selection process.


If the applicant remains unhappy with the decision, they may appeal outside the local party, as follows:
In Scotland and Wales, the appeal must be made straight to the relevant state appeals panel.


In England, the English Appeals Panel has ruled that the appeal must first be made to the regional party, and only once they have determined the case, then to the English Appeals Panel.


Approval is a matter reserved for local parties to decide so an appeal to a region or state appeals panel must be on grounds of procedure or fairness (in that the member’s rights have been infringed), not to rehear the application. Because the appeals process may take some time, a local party is not obliged to delay their selection process on the grounds that a further appeal has been made (unless an interim ruling by the appeal body decides it should be).


Accessibility


Approval interviews can be conducted in online meetings but organisers need to be mindful of their confidential nature and to use the appropriate safeguards.


Steps should be taken to make sure that the approval process is accessible to all, in particular to underrepresented groups. For some, an online interview will be easier than attending a physical location. In other cases, the approval process organiser should make sure that potential candidates have access to the appropriate technology or are helped to have access.


Whether an approval interview is online or in person, the organiser must make sure that issues of accessibility are addressed. In some cases, this may require advice or support from an external source. ALDC should be contacted for further detailed advice if required.

The Party’s diversity AOs can also be a source of help here, a list of which can be found in https://www.aldc.org/equality-diversity-and-inclusion-toolkit

Approval Coordinators Checklist

Issues to consider when approving

The competent body for approvals is either the local party executive or the
executive in conjunction with a multi local party coordinating committee.
Make sure that all the paperwork is in place before starting.
N.B. Approval is for one level of council only and lasts four years.

The approval process

  1. Start search for candidates
  2. Check whether sitting councillors are restanding
  3. Appoint approval coordinator
  4. Create application pack
  5. Recruit approval panel pool
  6. Pool training
  7. Arrange interviews
  8. Appeals if required
  9. Notify returning officer of approved candidates (and elections officer in England)

All paperwork must be stored securely for 4 years. This can be done digitally as long as the storage is secure, backed up and more than one person knows where it is stored. Applications are confidential personal data and must be treated as such. 

What’s in the Application Pack?

● Application form
● Disclosure form
● Group standing orders
● Councillor contribution policy
● Job description
● Candidate agreement/contract –
● Draft/outline campaign plan –

What do the panel need?

● Copies of the application form and disclosure form
● Job description
● Model questions
● Pro-forma answer/evaluation sheet
● Model decision notices
● Guidance note


Selection Process

As a democratic party it is important that we have a fair, open and transparent process for choosing the people who stand for us in elections.


The procedure is not designed to be complicated or onerous but is intended to ensure we get the best candidates and that everyone who put themselves forward is given an equal opportunity of being selected.


Even if you are in an area where council candidates often get selected unopposed or where your existing councillors are hoping to re-stand, you still need a fair selection process to make sure that others have the opportunity of standing if they so wish and to put you in good stead for when selections become more competitive.


The selection must be run by a returning officer, who should not have an interest in any selection they are conducting. It is best if they are not a member of the executive and they should have training in being a returning officer (ALDC offers local returning officer training) They can be from another local party, although they do not have to be.


The basics


The local party should adopt (or have adopted) the rules for selections (and other internal elections) before starting the process. The local party constitution will specify some of the options below. There are a few principles that are important:

● Where there is an contested election for a candidate, this must be done through a secret ballot using the Single Transferable Vote system.

● No one should be automatically re-selected, including sitting councillors.

● All candidates must have current approval for the council they are putting their name forward for, at the time of selection.

Who can vote in the selection?

The people who can vote in a selection varies and will be specified in your local party constitution. You should check your local party and branch constitutions, however normally:


● The electorate in a selection are the Liberal Democrat members who live within a branch or the members living in the ward or the membership of a local party as a whole (but only those living in that local authority, if a local party covers more than one council);


● If this membership of a branch is fewer than 10 people, all the members of the executive committee of the branch also receive a vote, weither or not they live in the branch.


● If this is still less than 10 people or there is no branch, then all the members of the local party executive committee also receive a vote.

Timings

The earlier you can select a candidate the better. This is to ensure that you have more time in which to raise the profile of the candidate to ensure that they have good name recognition.


The evidence is clear – early campaigning wins elections.


If you elect your council by thirds or halves then you should aim to select your next candidate as soon after the previous election as possible, and if you have all-outs then selecting about a year to two years in advance is useful.


You can stagger your selections based on the winnability of the ward. This is, of course, a local decision. You should select your target candidates as early as possible – June or July the year before is a good time to do it. If finding development ward or paper ward candidates would slow down the process, select them later.


The initial stage of selecting candidates is to advertise the wards in which you are selecting candidates to all of the party membership within the council area. For example, you could include an advert or article in your members’ newsletter and emails to those people for whom you have email addresses.
It is especially useful to ensure this goes out as widely as possible, as there are often potentially excellent candidates who live just outside a ward boundary or who may work in a ward in question, who you wouldn’t find just by informing the ward members.


N.B. The returning officer must be appointed at the beginning of the process.


The returning officer should agree the timescale, including deadlines for applications and for voting, with the relevant local branch or local party in advance of the election. The returning officer must have a copy of the local party constitution and selection rules.

Potential candidates should be asked to submit a simple application form or slip or just send an expression of interest through an email to the Returning Officer.


When the deadline for applications has passed, it needs to be clear to the candidates what campaigning is allowed. As a campaigning party we should encourage potential candidates to speak to members if they want to be selected.


If a selection is contested, applicants should be given a list of the members eligible to vote, (once they have signed a declaration that they will only use the data provided for campaigning purposes and will delete it after the election), with encouragement to get in touch with them by phone or in person. The returning officer may also allow each candidate to produce their own canvass leaflet, subject to the local rules.


Standard practice is for candidates to be allowed one contact by phone or in person per member, along with one email (which would normally be sent out by the local party rather than by individual candidates. The rules for campaigning need to be established within the election rules before candidate selection starts. Negative campaigning must never be permitted.


The returning officer should also write to all of the eligible voters explaining that a selection is underway, that they may be contacted by candidates. They may also include a one side of A4 artwork from each candidate.


The selection rules may allow for ‘re-open nominations’ to be an option on the ballot. If the selection is close to the election then this should not be included.


It is good practice to hold a hustings meeting. These do not have to be held in a physical location. They can be held online using Zoom or similar, however the returning officer should do the best they can to ensure all members have access to such an online meeting. Candidates should be allowed a fixed time to speak. Questions should always come through the chair and be directed at all candidates. Local parties constitutions should specify if the selection vote is by postal ballot/electronic ballot or by voting at a selection meeting. It must not be both.


If voting is by post/electronic ballot, the selection vote should happen as soon as possible after the hustings. A reasonable time must be given for the return of ballots.


The count should be conducted in a manner which allows candidates to see the count taking place. If voting is by electronic ballot, the count should be broadcast via Zoom or similar.

Appeals procedure

Appeals may be made on the basis of the procedure followed.


They should be heard first by the regional party (in England) and subsequently by the state appeals panel (first in Scotland and Wales).
Keep a record


You must keep all approval paperwork (application form, declaration form, interview proformas and decision letter) for 4 years (i.e. the length of time the approval lasts).


Selection paperwork and ballots should be kept for 3 months (unless there is an appeal, in which case it should be retained until the appeal process is completed) and then everything should be confidentially destroyed afterwards.


Deselection


Occassionally, you may need to start a process to deselect a candidate.
If it becomes necessary to so, you should follow the ALDC deselection advice, which can be downloaded here. In England you must do so.


ALDC’s advice on dealing with defections is here.

Returning Officer’s Checklist

Issues to consider when selecting

Issues to consider and agree first with the competent body, either the
Branch, Local Party or joint body for the local authority area with delegated
authority – perhaps a City/borough party or county structure.

It often helps then to run through what is agreed with all the candidates
once shortlisted to identify problems and avoid subsequent challenges.

Do you have a copy of the local party/branch constitution and the selection
rules?

Process

  1. Postal votes – All or none – you cannot mix
  2. Agree selectorate
  3. Agree how challenges to the selectorate from candidates or members
    will be dealt with
  4. Timetable

Campaigning – what is allowed?

  1. Emails
  2. Websites
  3. Texts
  4. Blogs
  5. Calling leaflets
  6. Manifestos – size, colours, who will print it, single or double sided
  7. Endorsements
  8. Any rules about the use/content of photos

The hustings and the count

  1. How and when you will decide the order of speaking?
  2. The length of speeches
  3. Will other candidates be present when others speak – or just for the
    questions?
  4. Procedure and timing of questions
  5. Explain the counting system
  6. What you intend to do in the event of a tie?
  7. Appeals procedure

Full list of downloads

APPROVALS ADMINISTRATION
● Candidate approval tracker
CANDIDATES PAPERWORK
● Candidate application form (affinity publisher version)
● Candidate search letter
● Candidate agreement target seats
● Candidate agreement non-target seats
● Councillor job description and person specification
● Candidate approval covering letter
PANEL PAPERWORK
● Approval panel guidance
● Approval panel pro-forma
● Decision letter – approve/ defer/ reject
● Panel questions
Self-Training Session for Approval Panels
SELECTION
● Selection timetable
● Returning officer checklist
● Letter to candidates
● Reply slip – PagePlus and PDF
● Selection advert – PagePlus and PDF
● Letter to voting members
Advice on deselecting candidates

Don’t forget to tell us about your candidates

Every year we ask candidates to tell us where they are standing for election – which council and ward. 

We want to hear from people who are standing for the first time and long- standing councillors. You don’t need to be a member of ALDC to register your details.

Please fill in your information HERE
www.aldc.org/candidate-tell-us


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